1
î›©îœąîœ±2
î›żîœ±î›°îœ‹îœ„îœ±îœ’îœł îąČ -2024
 î Ș 
     
(î›șî›ș 320  1000 .)
 : 3   : 100
:      îąČ îœžî“î„Ą î›ŠîĄ·îœźîœˆîŠîœ’îœŒîƒ     îąČ   î›șîœžî„Ą
î›ș-
1.            îœîœŻîœ“îœ†îœ­îœ‘îœŒîƒ  îą©îœ­îž„îœ­ î›žîœ“îî„Ą
2.        ?     î›Ș  î›ș ?
î›ș-
3. îœČ    î›ș  îœč     î›żîœ­îî›œ î›žîœ“îî„Ą     
î›žîœ“îî„Ą
4. î›șîœČ îČ     -     îœ‰îœ±îœźî›żî›°î„Ą
î›ș-
5.      î›ș    î›žîœ“îî„Ą
6. 700  1000 .           îą©îœ­îž„îœ­ 
2
î›©îœąîœ±2
î›ș-
7.  îœźîœ™îą·îœźîœ™î šîœ­îœ•îœ’     îźîœ­î›œîœ±îœ‹          
î›žîœ“îî„Ą
8.   î›șîœČ îČ       îœČ  îœČî›č   
î›žîœ“îî„Ą
î›żîœ±î›°îœ‹îœ„îœ±îœ’îœł î›Ș -2024
 î Ș 
     
(î›șî›ș 320  1000 .)
 : 3   : 100
:      îąČ îœžî“î„Ą î›ŠîĄ·îœźîœˆîŠîœ’îœŒîƒ     îąČ   î›șîœžî„Ą
î›ș-
1.            îœîœŻîœ“îœ†îœ­îœ‘îœŒîƒ  îą©îœ­îž„îœ­ î›žîœ“îî„Ą
î›Ș:            
326                 î›Șî Ș 
 îŁ•îœ­îœ’îœ±  î›ŸîœŒîœŁîœ­î„Ą    î›Ș   ,  î›Ș   îœîœŻîœ“îœ†îœ­îœ‘îœŒîƒ  
      îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą    ,  , îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“, îœ“îœ­î›żîœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡    
îœč îœ“îœ†îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡    îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą   îœîœŻîœ“îœ†îœ­îœ‘îœŒîƒ    î›żîœ­îœ‹îî„Ą
3
î›©îœąîœ±2
1.      îœîœŻîœ“î›œîœ’
îœčîœîœžîœ„îœŒîœźîœ‹îœ’îœ­        îœč     îœˆîœžî„Ą î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž îœČ  î›żîœ±îœ‡îœ‹îœž 
   îœČ   î›Ș  î›Ș   î›ș  îČ    , î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž
  î›Ș-îœîœźîąźîœ‘îœ±     î›ș , î›żîœŒ  -    îœˆîœ­î„Ą   î›Ș
  îœ•îœŁîœ­î›©  ()   îœ•îœŁîœ­î›©     î›č îœˆîœ±î„Ą    îœČ
 îœ•îœŁîœ­î›© îœ•îœŁîœ±,     î›șîœ’îœ­î„Ą ,   î›Ș      î›Ș 
        îœźîœ‰îœ’îœ­î„Ą
2.       
      î›ș      -,   
îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“  î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹   îœČ    îœîœŁîœ­î„Ą
2.1. îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœźîœ‹îœ’îœŒîƒ      
        îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœźîœ‹îœ’îœŒîƒ        îœˆîœ±î„Ą îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ±
îœč, îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“îœ±       î›ș  îŁ•îœ­îœ‹îœ±îœ’ î›ș   îœČ î›ș   
  - ,    îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ±   -   îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą
2.2.   îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ±    î›ș
     , î›Ș îœČ  îœîœžîœ‹îœ­îœîœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ  îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ± îœčîœźîœ‹î›žîœŒîƒ    î›Ș-îœîœźîąźîœ‘îœ± , î›č
î›ș   îœč     îœč  îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą  î›ș îŁ•îœ­îœ‹îœ±îœ’    îœČ î›ș, 
îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ±    îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ  îœźîœ‘î”îœ† î î›§î„Ą
2.3     
   î›Ș    îœźîœ‹îœ’îƒî©îœ†     îœźîœ‹îœ’îœŒî›żîœ‹  îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ± îœč  îœČ î›žîœ±î„Ą 
 îą©îœ™îœ°îŁ•îœ‡  îœč,         î›ș îœˆîœ­î„Ą       
î›żîœ­îœ“îœ± , î›č -   î›ŠîœŠîœ±îœ‹î„Ą
2.4. îœČî    îœč îœ“îœ†îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡  
    îœČî      îœČ  î›čîœ­î„Ą    ,   îœČ   
  îœîœŁîœ± îœč    îœˆîœ±îƒî„Ą îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœźîœ‹îœ’îœŒîƒ  îœČ  ,     îœč îœ“îœ†îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡
 îœČ  ,  îœČ ,    î›Șî›ș (îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ±  îźîœ†îœ­îœ•îœ±  )
 î›Ș    îœˆîœ±îƒî„Ą
3.        
    îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ±  , îœČ,     îŁ™îąŒ îœˆîœ­î„Ą îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ±   
      î Ș   îœîƒîą¶îœžîœœîœ†   îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą
4
î›©îœąîœ±2
3.1.      
    îźîœîœ­îœ™îœŒîƒ      î›č î›șîœ’îœ­î„Ą   - îœč, î›żîœŒ   î›ș
      ,       îœˆîœ±î„Ą  îœč  
îœźîœ™îœœîœ’îœŒîƒ       î›żîœŒîœŁîœ­î„Ą î›Ș  :
‱      îœ‘îœłîœźîœ‡îŠîœ’îœŒîƒ    îœČî    îœ‘îœłîœźîœ‡îŠîœ’îœŒîƒ     îœźî›œîœźî©îœ‡ 
 î›șîœ­î„Ą
‱ îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ±  îœč, îœč    ,  îœ‘îœłîœźîœ‡îŠîœ’îœŒîƒ  î›č  îœžî“î„Ą
‱      îœšîœ­îœ“îœ±îœŻîœ“î›ž îœČ, î›żîœŒ îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ±    ,  îœ‘îœłîœźîœ‡îŠîœ’îœŒîƒ 
îœČî›č  î›șîœ’îœžî„Ą
3.2.    îœźîœ•îœźîœîœ’îœŒîƒ  
  î›Ș-îœîœźîąźîœ‘îœ±    î›ș îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ± î›č  îœźîœîżîœŒîƒ    îœč  îœČ    
     î›ș îœˆîœ±î„Ą     îœźîœ•îœźîœîœ’îœŒîƒ, î›č î›čîœ“îœŒîążîœ±   
 îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą
3.3.    îœźîœ™î›œîœ­îœ“  
îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ±   î Ș      - î î›§î„Ą , îœźî›œîœźî›žî –îœ­   
  îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ± îœźîœ™î›œîœ­îœ“îœŒîƒ   îœźîœ™î›œîœ­îœ“î›žîœŒîƒ   îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą îœČ  î Ș   îœč    îœč
îźîœ†îœ­îœźîœ•îœ’îœŒîƒ îœč      îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ±          
 îœˆîœ±îƒî„Ą
4.  
     îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ± îœČ   îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“ î›ș î›čîœČ î›ș   î›żîœŒ  -
, î›Ș îœ‰îœ±î›»îŠî›žîœ­îœźîœ•î›ž  îœîœŁîœ­î„Ą
4.1 îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“ î›ș  
       î›ș îœČ    îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“ î›ș     î›žîœ±î„Ą
  ,     îœč  , îœźîœ‘î·     îœˆîœžî„Ą    
  ,     îœč   îœč î›œîœ±î›żî îœźîœ‘îœ•îœ‡îœ± îœˆîœ±îƒî„Ą
4.2.  îœźîœîżîœŒîƒ  îœ‘îœœîœźî«î›ž îźîœ†îœ­îœ•îœ±  îźî›œîœ•îœ‹
    îœźîœ‹îœ’îƒî©îœ†        îźîœ†îœ­îœ•îœ± îœČ î›žîœ±î„Ą     îœ“îœ­î›żîœ™îƒîœšîœŒîƒ,
îœč  ,   îœČ îźîœ†îœ­îœ•îœ±      îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą       -
     î›č  î›Ÿîœźîœ™îœ’îœŒîƒ    ,      
 îœźîœ‘î”îœ† îœˆîœ­î„Ą
5
î›©îœąîœ±2
4.3. -îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ± îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“   
      -  îœŻîœ“îą±îœž    î î›°î„Ą îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ± îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœŻîœ“îœ’îœŒîƒ    
îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“    ,   î›șîœźîœ‡îœźîœ™îœźîœŠîœ’îœŒîƒ   î î›©î„Ą  îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“ îœîœźîœ‰îœ’îœŒîƒ  î›żîœ­îœ“îœ± , 
  î›ŠîœˆîŠîą©îœ™îŁ•îœ­   îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą
5. îœ“îœ­î›żîœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž 
        îœ“îœ­î›żîœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž   î î›°î„Ą
5.1.    î›žîœ‘î›żîœŒîœ“ 
     ,   î›Ș-îœîœźîąźîœ‘îœ±    -    îœˆîœ­î„Ą  
   î›žîœ‘îœąîœŒîœ“  ,     -îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœźîœ‹îœ’îœŒîƒ,   îœČ  îœč îœźîœ™îœ‰îœžîœšîœ±  
î›§îąîœ‘îœ†îœŒîƒ   î›žîœ‘îœąîœŒîœ“  î›ș
5.2.  îČ  î›Ș
         îČ  î›Ș îœˆîœ­î„Ą      , î›șîœČ
  îœ“îœ­î›żîœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž    î›Ș     î›Șî›č  ,   îČ  
î›žîœ±î„Ą î›Ș      î Ș     î›șîœ•îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ  î›č  î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž 
    îČ    î›żîœŒîœ“ îœźîœ‰îœ’îœ­î„Ą
5.3. -îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ±   
   îœČ  , î›Ș îœîœžîœ‹îœ­îœîœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ  î›Ș îČ  îœźîœ‹îœ’îƒî©îœ†      îœ•îœŁîœ­î›© îœ•îœŁîœ±î„Ą
î›č, î›Ș îœČ  îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ± î›Șî …îœ“îœ­îœźîœŠî›žîœ­îœŻîœ“îœ’îœŒîƒ,  -      îœč,  î›Ș-îœîœźîąźîœ‘îœ±
  îœČ  îœźîœžîŁŁîœŒîƒ   îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą  îœč -       
- îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ±    îœč      îœźîœ‹îœîœ­î›©î„Ą
6. îąș
          îœ‘îœŒîœŁ îœˆîœ­î„Ą    î›Ș îœč 
 ,        îœ“îœžîœžî„Ą î›Ș     îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ± îœČ 
      ,    îœČ  , îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“   îœČ
  îœ“îœ­î›żîœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž îœîœŻîœ“îœ™îœ‡îŠîœ‹îœŒîƒ  î›ș îœźîœ‘îœ•îœ­î„Ą îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ±     îœîœ°îąƒî”îœ†   î Ș
  îœîƒîą¶îœžîœœîœ†        îŁ•îœ­îœ’îœ±  îœîœŁîœ­î„Ą
  ,            îœČ   ,   
 îœîĄ·îœ‡îœ­î›Žîƒ       î›ș  îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą  î›Ș    
   îŁąîœ‡îƒî© ,  î›Ș      îœîœźîœ‰îœ’îœŒîƒ  î›Șî Ș  
 îœ“îœžîœžî„Ą
6
î›©îœąîœ±2
2.        ?     î›Ș  î›ș ?
î›Ș::       î›Ș î›ș
îœîœŻîœ“î›œîœ’
  îźîœ­î›œîœ±îœ‹         îœˆîœžî„Ą      îČ  
î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž î›șî›ș 268    232     îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą         îœČ
    î›Ș î›Șî›č       îœč, îœźî›żîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž     
 îœźîœ‰îœ’îœ­î„Ą î›Ș îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ   îœČ         îœîœŁîœ­î„Ą 
î›č ,    î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹, î›Ș       î›Ș î›ș    î›șîœžî„Ą
   î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹
 îČ îœČ  îœČ   îČ   î›șîœČ    îœˆîœžî„Ą î›Ș  
îœšîœ‡îœ­îĄšîœ±       î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž  î›ȘîČ    îœč  î›č îœˆîœžî„Ą îœČ  îœČ 
, î›Ș        î î›§î„Ą   îœźîœ™î›żîœ’îœ±    îČ  îČ
 î›ș
    î›ș îœČî  
îœČ ,      îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡   îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž  îČ    
  îœč î›Šîœźîœîœ’îœ­îœ‹îœŒîƒ   îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą î›Ș   îœźîœ™î›żîœ’îœŒîƒ    î›ș ( ) 
î›č îœČî   ,    îœč  -  îœČ î î›§î„Ą î›±îœźîœ‡îœžîœ­îœźîœî›ž î›č 
  îœč  îœČî    100,000   î›ș  î›ș,      î›ș    î›ș
   î›č   î›ș  ,     î›Ș    
î›§îœ’îœ­î„Ą
  
î›ș îœČî    ,     î›ș     îœźîœ•îœ’îœ­î„Ą î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž ,    
    îœč  îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž îœč îœ‘îœłîąžîœŒîƒ    îœČ   î›ș   î›ș
    îźîœŒî –îœ­îœźîœžîœ‡ îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą î›Ș îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡îœ’îœ­î  îœźîœî  îœ­îƒîœ‡îœŒîƒ         
  î›ș
     î›ș
   îČ     îœˆîœ­î„Ą  , îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“       
  îœˆîœ­î„Ą       î›ș     î›ș     îœč:
1.  îœČ
  îœČ  î›ŠîœźîœŠî›žîœ­îœŻîœ“îœ’îœŒîƒ  îœČ       îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž  îČ
 îźîœ­îƒîœ‡îœŒîƒ   ,      îœźîœ™îą·îœîœ‹îœ±îœ’ î›ŠîœźîœŠî›žîœ­îœ“îœ±     '' 
   îœˆîœ­î„Ą  î›ŠîœźîœŠî›žîœ­îœ“îœ± îœČ    î›žîœ­îœ‹îœłîœ‹îœŒîƒ     î›ș   î›Șîœźî›œîœ‡
îą©îœ™îœžîœ­îœ“ îœžîœŒî„Ą   îŁ•îœ­îœ‹îœ±îœ’    îźîœ†îœ­îœ•îœ±  îœČ ,    îœČ   
î›žîœ±î„Ą
7
î›©îœąîœ±2
2.    
            îœźîœ‹îœîœ­î›©î„Ą î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž îœČî      îœč  
  îœČ  îœźîœ‘îœšîœ‹îœŻîœ“îœ’îœŒîƒ  îœîœžî›żîœ­î„Ą î›Ș          ()
 î›ș   îŁ‘îœłîœîœŒîƒ   ,    ,       î›ș
îœˆîœ­î„Ą             î›ș


3. îœČîœźîœ‹îœ’îœ­îœ‰îœ±   
    î›ș  î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹       îœČîœźîœ‹îœ’îœ­îœ‰îœ±   îœîœŻîœ“îœ’îœŒî›żîœ‹îœ­î›°î îœČ î›žîœ±îƒî„Ą
î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“    îœČ     , îœźîœ™î”îœ­îœ‘ î›ș     


   , î›żîœŒ îČ   îœźîœžîŁŁîœŒîƒ  î›żîœŒîœŁîœ‡îœ± ,        
î›șîœ’îœ­î„Ą  îœźîœ™î›žîœ­îœîœŒîƒ     îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“             î›žîœ±î„Ą
4.  (îœč )  îźî›œîœ­îœ“
  ''    ,  îœč î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹,     î›żîœŒîœ“  î›șîœ’îœ­î„Ą î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž 
îœč   îœč    ' '   î›ŠîœźîœŠî›žîœ­îœŻîœ“îœ’îœŒîƒ  îœČ î›žîœ±î„Ą  , 
î›ŠîœźîœŠî›žîœ­îœŻîœ“îœ’îœŒîƒ         îœČ     îœźîœ‹îœîœ­î›©  î›ș
    îœźîœî  îœ­îƒîœ‡îœŒîƒ   î›žîœ“îî„Ą
5.   î›č
     î›Ș îČ    îŁ‘îƒîœîœŒîƒ   îœˆîœžî„Ą î°îœ­îŁŠîœ±   î›č î›ș 
î›č î›ș  î›Ș îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ     îœˆîœžî„Ą    î›č  (
 )   î›ș,            îźîœ’îœ­îœîœŒîƒ   
 î›ș îœč  î›č  î›ș  îČ  î€ŠîœźîąŒî›žîœŒîœ†       î›Ș  î›șîœČ î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹
î›żîœ±îœ‹îœž   îźîœŒî –îœ­îœźîœžîœ‡    î›žîœ±î„Ą
6. îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“    îźîœŒî –îœ­îœžîœ‹
 îźîœ­î›œîœ±îœ‹     îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“   îœˆîœ­î„Ą    îœČ  îœČ  
îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœŻîœ“îœ’îœŒîƒ   îœČ îœČ  îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“       î›Șîœƒîœ­î›°î„Ą îœîœŁî›žîœŒîƒ  îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“ î›ș
        îœČ  îœČ ,       , 
   îœč   -     îœČ  î›șîœ’îœ­î„Ą
7.   î›č  
            î›șîœ’îœ­î„Ą  , î›żîœŒ    
 îœźîœ™îą·îœźîœ™î šîœ­îœ•îœ’     ,  î›Ș       îœźîœ‘îœ•îœ±î„Ą
îœČ   îœźîœžîŁŁîœŒîƒ  î Ș   îœźî›œîœźî›žî –îœ­,    îœč îœźîœ™îœœîœ’îœŒîƒ     
  îœˆîœžî„Ą  î Ș         îœČî›č       
  î›č   îœźîœ‘îœ•îœ±î„Ą
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î›©îœąîœ±2
    îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ  
  îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ    îœšîœ‡îœ­îœ°îĄšîœ’îœŒîƒ  îœ“îœžîœ­î„Ą   îœč îœ‘îœłîąžîœŒîƒ  î›Ș î›żîœŒîœ“   
    -   îœźîœ‰îœ’îœ­î„Ą  , î›Ș   , îœč î›č 
, î›Ș î›ș        îœžî“î„Ą       î›Ș îźîœ’îœ­îœîœŒîƒ   îŁ•îœ­îœ’îœ±
 , îžîœŒîƒîœźî›ž         -  îœ“îœžîœ­î„Ą
îąș
         îœČî›ș  îœČ     î›Ș î›ș
 îœˆîœžî„Ą î›Ș  îœČ,    îźî›œîœ­îœ“, îœČîœźîœ‹îœ’îœ­îœ‰îœ±        
      îœźîœ‘îœ•îœ±î„Ą   îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡îœ’îœ­îƒ ,        , 
î›Ș           îœźîœ‰îœ’îœ­î„Ą î›Ș  î›ș  îœČ,  
îœč î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹  îœ‘îœłîąžîœŒîƒ       îœč
î›ș-
3. îœČ    î›ș  îœč     î›żîœ­îî›œ î›žîœ“îî„Ą     
î›žîœ“îî„Ą
î›Ș:î›ș   îźîœ­î›œîœ±îœ‹           
  îœč, î›č îœČ   (   îœšîœ‡îœ­îĄšîœ± .)  îœ‰îœœîœ“îœ­îœ‹î„Ą    î›ș   
- , î›żîœŒ  îœČ   î›ș   îœč  , ,  
 îźîœîœ­îœ™îœŒîƒ    îœźîœ‘î”îœ†    îœč,   îœźîœ™îœźîœšîąŒ îœč   
î›Șî Ș  î›Ș î›ș        îŁ•îœ­îœ’îœ±  î›ŸîœŒîœŁîœ­î„Ą  îą©îœ­îž„îœ­ ,  î›ș
    ,  î›±îœźîœ‡îœžîœ­îœźîœî›ž   îą©îœ­îœî›ž    
îœîœŻîœ“î€ŠîąŽ      î›ș î›șîœžî„Ą
î›±îœźîœ‡îœžîœ­îœźîœî›ž : îœČ    î›ș
î›ș  îœč    ,   îœČ  îČ  î›±îœźîœ‡îœžîœ­îœźîœî›ž   î›č îœąîîœ“îœ±
îœč îœČ    î›°îœźîœšîœ’îœ­î›©  , îœźî›żîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž  î›Ș  î›ș   î›Ș
  îœč        îœˆîœ­î„Ą î›Ș îČ  îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ   îœźîœ‘î”îœ† , îžîœŒîƒîœźî›ž 
     , î›żîœŒ     î›żîœŒîœŁîœ‹îœž   îœČî›č îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“ î›ș îœˆîœ­î„Ą   
-  î›ș         îœźîœ‹îœîœ­î›©î„Ą
î›ș,        , îœîĄ·îœ‡îœ­î›Žîƒ   îœˆîœ­î„Ą      îœźîœ™î›żîœ’îœŒîƒ,
 îČ  îŁąîœ‰îœžîœšîœ±   î Ș  î›ș  (îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœ‹îœ±)     îœˆîœ­î„Ą
îœČ  ,    îąș,       ,  î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž  îœîœ‘îĄ‹îœ’î›žîœ­îœ“îœ±
     îźîœŒî –îœ­îœźîœžîœ‡        îœˆîœžî„Ą
9
î›©îœąîœ±2
î›ș  îœč   
î›ș  îœč   îœźîœ™îœźîœšîąŒ   î›żîœŒ       î›ș  îœžî“î„Ą 
   - îœčîœźîœ•îœ’îœŒîƒ  îœźîœ‘î”îœ†   , î›żîœŒ   î›Šîœ‹îœłîœƒîœ±  
 îœžî“î„Ą       :
1. -   
‱ î›ș    î›č    -  îœč    îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ 
 îœźî›œî©îœ†, î›žîœîœŁîœŒîƒ        îœźî›œî©îœ†  îŁ™îąŒ îœč î›Ș  ,
   îœČî    îœ‘îœłîœźîœ‡îŠîœ’îœŒîƒ    ,       , î›żîœŒ  îœč
    îœČ îœžî“î„Ą
‱ î›ș   î›Ș   îœšîœ­îœ“îœ±îœŻîœ“î›ž    îœî›żîœ±îœ™    îœČ  îœˆîœžî„Ą 
         îźîœ‡îœ±î›žîœ­î î›ž   îœźî›œî©îœ†  î›ș îœˆîœ­î„Ą
‱ îœźî©-  îœč        îźîœ’îœŒî›ș î›ș      îœč,
î›żîœŒ     îœč
2.  -îœČ  -
‱ î›ș         îœČ  îœč      
   îœźîœ‹îœîœ­î›©,    îœČî        îœ‘îî„Ą    , îœČî  
  îœîœ‰îœźî›œîŁ„îœŒîƒ, îœîœŒîœźîœŠ   î›č       ,  î›ș  
î›Ș       îœźî›œîœźî©îœ‡  îœČ  îœźîœ‰îœ’îœ­î„Ą
‱ î›ș  îœČî     îœźîœ™îœźîœšîąŒ  , îœč î›ȘîŁîœ±îœœ (   î›Ș î›żîœŒ   îźîœ‡îœ±î›ž
îœč),  (    îœČ î›żîœŒ  î›č    îœč)  îœ•îĄŸîœž  (î›żîœŒ
î›Ș    îźîœ‡îœ±î›ž îœč)
‱ îœČî    î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹  , îœč  î›Ș ,  ,  î›Ș  îœČ (), 
î›ș        îœˆîœžî„Ą       îœ‹îżîœ­îœšîœ±   îœč
 î›Ș   îœˆîœ­î„Ą
3.     î›Șî›ș
‱ î›ș    îœ‘îœłîœźîœ‡îŠîœ’îœŒîƒ   îœČ    îœîœ­îœ‘îœźî€îœ’îœŒîƒ   : -
    (   )     îŁ·îœ­îœ‰îœ­ îœźîœ‚î›žîœ­î›« 
 îœ‹îżîœ­îœšîœ±     ,     îœžîą‹îœ±  îŁ·îœ­îœ‰îœ­  îœ‘îœłîœźîœ‡îŠîœ’îœŒîƒ
    îœˆîœ­î„Ą
‱   î›Șî›ș        îœî›żîœ­îœ™îœ‚îœ±    îœČ îœźîœ‘îœ•îœ±,
  î›Ș      îœźî›œîœźî©îœ‡   îœˆîœ­î„Ą
10
î›©îœąîœ±2
4. îœČ  
‱ î›ș    îœ‘îœłîœźîœ‡îŠîœ’îœŒîƒ  îœîœ±îœźîœ‘îœ‡  ;  îœČ     îœˆîœžî„Ą   
îŁ‘îœłîœîœŒîƒ ( îœ‡îœ±îœˆîŠîŁ•îœ•îœŒîƒ)      îœč, î›żîœŒ  îœ‹îżîœ­îœšîœ±  îœ‹îżîœ­îœšîœ±    îœˆîœžî„Ą
‱ îŁ‘îœłîœîœŒîƒ   îœČî    î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹    (îœČî    îœźîœî›Ÿîœ•îœž î›żîĄ‰îœŒîƒ  )  
 îœč    îœˆîœ­î„Ą  îœč   îœč  î›Șî žîœžîąŽîœŒîƒ    , 
        îœźîœ‘îœ•îœ‡îœ± îœˆîœ±î„Ą
5.     îœîœ°îąƒî”îœ†
‱ î›ș         î›Ș îœč,    
îœČ    îœžî“î„Ą -   îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ   îœźî›œî©îœ†  îŁ™îąŒ îœč,   
   îœźîœ™îœœîœ’îœŒîƒ  î›č  îœč
‱ î›Ș  , î›ș   îœČî    îœźî›œî©îœ†         
     î›żîœŒîœŁîœ‡îœ­ îœč  ,  îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ î Ș      
î›ș   îœČ ,  îœČ  - îŁ™îąŒ    îœžî“î„Ą
6.     
‱ î›ș  îœîœ­îœ“îœ±îœźî›žîœ’îœŒîƒ         îœˆîœžî„Ą î›žîœîœŁîœŒîƒ  ,  
 îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ         î›ș îœˆîœ­î„Ą
‱ î›ș      ,   îœČ îœč îœč    , î›żîœŒ îœ‘îœłîœźîœ‡îŠîœ’îœŒîƒ
 îœ‹îżîœ­îœšîœ±   îœČ    îœˆîœžî„Ą
î›ș  îœč  
,        î›ș  îœč    îœč      î›č
  îœč:
1.    
‱ î›ș           îœźîœ‹îœîœ­î›©î„Ą îœČî       îœČ  ,
             î›žîœ±î„Ą î›ș    î›ș
îźîœ‡îœ±î›žîœ­î î›ž  , îœč î›ȘîŁîœ±îœœ  î›Ș,  îœ‘îœłîœźîœ‡îŠîœ’îœŒîƒ    î›ș


‱  ,   -          î›ș    
î î›§î„Ą î›Ș  ,     îœČî     î›ș  îœ‘îœłîœźîœ‡îŠîœ’îœŒîƒ   îœźîœ‘îœ•îœ‡îœ±-îœČ
îœžî“î„Ą
2.   -  îœčîą·îœ±î›žîœ“îœ†
‱ î›ș         -   îœč  îźîœ­î›œîœ±îœ‹ îœîĄ·îœ‡îœ­î›Žîƒ 
 îœČ  -     î›Ș î›č  î›Ș    îœč
11
î›©îœąîœ±2
‱ î›ș   , ,      îœîœ°îąƒî”îœ† îœčîą·îœ±î›žîœ“îœ†   
î›Ș îœč,      îœČ  î Ș     îœžî“î„Ą
3.    
‱ î›ș      , î›č   îœČ     , îŁ•îœ­îœ’îœ±   îœč
  îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ   îœźî›œî©îœ†  îœ™îŁ“îœŒîƒ  î›Șî›ș        
  îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą
‱ îœČ  îœč, î›żîœŒ î›ș     ,   îœČ    , îœč 
îœČî       îœźî›œî©îœ†î„Ą
4.    
‱ î›ș  ,             î›żîœ­îœ‹î›žîœ­îœ“îœ±  
 îœžî“î„Ą  î›Ș    ,  î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹   î›Șîœîœ•îœ°îĄ©îœ’îœŒîƒ   
î›żîœ­îœ‹î›žîœ­îœ“îœ±  îœžî“î„Ą
‱ î›ș   îœč  î›Ș     îœČîŁ‘î›žîœŒîƒ   , î›żîœŒ îœČî   
î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹  î›Ș   î›žîœžîœ­îœźîœ‹îœ’îœŒîƒ            îœČ îœžîœŒî„Ą
5. îœČ   
‱ î›ș       î Ș    îœč  îœčîœźîœ•îœ’îœŒîƒ  
îœźîœ‘î”îœ†       î›żîœŒîœ“        îœč
‱ î›ș    îœČ       î›żîœ­îœ‡îœ± , î›żîœŒ    
     îœźîœ‰îœ•îœ­îœ‡îœ± îœžî“î„Ą
î›ș   î›Ș
î›ș        î›ș    ,  îœČ  îœźîœ™îœźîœšîąŒ î›Ș î›č:
1. î›Ș îœČî  
o   îœČî    î›Ș        îœč,  î›Ș    
 î›č î›ș îœč îœîœîœźîœ•îœ’îœŒîƒ,     î›Šîœźîœîą©îœ°îž…     î›Șî›č
îœč, î›żîœŒ î›ș      îœč
2. îœŠîœ‘îŠî›œîą îœČ îœČî  
o    îœČî    îœŠîœ‘îŠî›œîą îœČ  î›č î›ș îœč    î›ș îœč   -
  îŁ™îąŒ îœč,        îœč
3.    
o   îœČî    î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹  î€ŠîąŽîœŒîƒ    îœ‹îżîœ­îœšîœ±  î›Ș   îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ 
îœČ îœč îœČ   îœî›żîœ­îœ™îœ‚îœ±  î›ș     î›Șîœîœ•îœ°îĄ©îœ’îœŒîƒ 
î›Șî›ș  îœžî“î„Ą
12
î›©îœąîœ±2
îąș
î›ș        î›Ș îœč        î›șîœŒîœźîœ•î›ž
     îœč , ,    îźîœîœ­îœ™îœŒîƒ    îœźîœ‘î”îœ†   
îœč  î›żîœŒ îœ‹îœ™îœŒîĄ‰îœžîœœîœ±  î›ș   îœˆîœ±î„Ą î›ș          
,    îŁ•îœ­îœ’îœ±   î›ŸîœŒîœŁîœ± î›żîœŒ îœČ   î›ș       îœč
 îœ‘îœłîœźîœ‡îŠîœ’îœŒîƒ,         , î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž       
-     ,  î›ș  îźîœ­î›œîœ±îœ‹      
  î›ș
4. î›șîœČ îČ     -     îœ‰îœ±îœźî›żî›°î„Ą
î›Ș:î›șîœČ îČ,     " îœČî›ș"   îœč,  î›Șî Ș  î›Șî›č -
     ,       îœˆîœ­î„Ą î›șî›ș 320  550 .  îœč   îœČî›ș
 , îœČ, ,      î›ș î›č î›ș î›±îœźîœ‡îœžîœ­îœźîœî›ž    
îœ“îœ†îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž             îœČî›ș   
îœźîœ‹îœîœ­î›©î„Ą  î›șîœČ îČ     -    î›ș     
   î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹   îœČ  î›čîœŒî›ż î›žîœ“îî„Ą
1. îœ“îœ­î›żîœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž   
î›șîœČ îČ  îœČ       îą©îœ™îŁ•îœ­     îœˆîœ­î„Ą îČ  î›Ș-
îœîœźîąźîœ‘îœ± î›ș      îœČîą©îœ™îœ°îŁ•îœ‡  îą©îœ™îŁ•îœ­   îœźîœ‘îœ•îœ­î„Ą    îœČ  îźîœ­îƒîœ‡îœŒîƒ 
  î›ș ,  î›ș    îœźî›żîœ•îœŒîƒ    î›ș îœˆîœ­î„Ą îŁ•îœ­îœ‹îœ±îœ’  
 îœîœŻîœ“îœœîœ‰îœŒîƒ   î Ș îœźîœ‹îœ’îƒîœźî©îœ‡   ,   îœČ     î›ș  îœąîîœ“îœ‡îœŒîƒ
 îźîœîœ­îœ™îœ± î›ș  îœîƒîœîœŒîœźîœŠîœ‡  î›żîœ­î›°î„Ą
î›șîœČ , îœČî›șîœČ  î›șîœČ î Ș îœč î›șîœČ     îœźîœ™îœ‰îœžîœšîœ± î›§îąîœ‘îœ†îœŒîƒ, î›č îĄîœ†îœŒîƒ 
       îœč î›Ș  î›čîœ±î„Ą    îŁ•îœ­îœ‹îœ±îœ’    îœČî   
     î›șîœźîœ‡îœźîœ™îœźîœŠîœ’îœŒîƒ    îœźî«îœ‡   îœČ îœ‰îœ±î„Ą
2.  
  î›Șîœî›żîœ­î›«   îœ“îœ†îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž   î›șîœČ         îœźîœ‰îœ’îœ­î„Ą  
   î›Ș     ,  î›ș,   î›ș îœČ  îœˆîœ±îƒî„Ą î›șîœČîĄ‘îœŒîƒ  îœČ  
   îœč î›Ș îœźîœîƒî›œîœ­î›©   îœČ ,    î›Ș    î î›©î„Ą
  îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“    î›č - îœ•îœ­î„Ą      ,    î›ș 
î›żîœŒîœŁîœ‹îœž  îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“ î›ș    îœČî›č î›ș îœČ îœˆîœ­î„Ą  ( îœČ  ) îœč
 îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“       î›ș,  îœČ   îœźîœžîŁŁîœŒîƒ  îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“îœ± , î›žîœîœŁîœŒîƒ  
13
î›©îœąîœ±2
 îœč   -  îœˆîœžî„Ą î›șîœČ            
îœźîœîżîœŒîƒ    îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“  îœČî›ș   îČ     îœ‰îœšîœ­îŠîœ’îœ­î„Ą
3.  
î›șîœČ îČ     -  î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹       îœźîœ‹îœîœ­î›©î„Ą  , 
    îœČ  î›ș , îœČî›č  îœˆîœ­î„Ą î›șîœČ î›ș    îœČ   î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž
îœČ,   îœČî›ș îœč     îœ‘îƒîœźîœ‰îœ“îœŒîƒ     îœźîœ‰îœ’îœ­î„Ą  , 
   îą©îœ°îž…î›ș   î›żîœŒîœ“ ,    îČ   îœźîœžîŁŁîœŒîƒ  îœ•îœŒî›žîœźîźîœ’îœ‡îœ­ 
î›žîœ±î„Ą
,    îœîœŻîœ“î€ŠîąŽ  îœˆîœ­î„Ą  , î›żîœŒ     -  , î›șîœČ
     î›ș,      î›Ș îœˆîœ±î„Ą  îœč     
î Ș  îœ‡îœ±îœˆîŠîœ’îœ­îœźî©îœ’îœŒîƒ    î›żîœ­îœ“îœ± î›čîœ­î„Ą   îœč   îœČ  , î›č îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“îœ±
îœČ , î›żîœŒ     îœźîœî  îœ­îƒîœ‡îœŒîƒ   îœˆîœžî„Ą
î›șîœČ      î›Ș  ,   ,    îœč     
 î›ș î›Ș  ,  îœ‘îƒîœźîœ‰îœ“îœŒîƒ     îœč   îœ‹îżîœ­îœšîœ±  , î›żîœŒ  
     îœˆîœ±î„Ą
4.   îœČ
î›șîœČ     îœČ   î›ș     îœč,      
îœč    îœîą© îœ‘îƒîœźîœ‰îœ“îœŒîƒ, îŁ‘îœłîœîœŒîƒ     , î›żîœŒ î›Ș       îœžî“î„Ą
îœ‘îƒîœźîœ‰îœ“îœŒîƒ   î›Ș  îœ‹îżîœ­îœšîœ±,   î›č (î›č)    (îŁ‘îƒîœîœŒîƒ  îœș) îœˆîœžî„Ą
î›șîœČ    î›Șî›č îœČ î›Șîœîœ•îœ°îĄ©îœ’îœŒîƒ     îœČ  î›ș îœč  
, îœźî›żîœî›žîœ± î›Ș   î›Ș    îœˆîœ±î„Ą  îœč    î›żîœŒîœ“  î›ș , 
 îœîœžîœ­îœŁîœŒîƒ     , î›żîœŒ     îźîœ‡îœ±î›ž îœˆîœžî„Ą     

  î›Șî›ș
îą©îœ­îœî›ž  î›ș,   îœ•î›žîœŁîœ±     îœźîœ‰îœ’îœ­î„Ą
î›șîœČ          î›ș   -  îœîœœîœ“îœ­îœźîœ†î›ž   î›żîœ±îœ™îƒîœ‡
 

,  î›Ș îœČ îœČ    î›§îœîœłîœœîœ†îœŒîƒ  îœČ î›čîœ­îœ’îœ­î„Ą îœ‘îœłîœźîœ‡îŠîœ’îœŒîƒ  î›č 
   îœîœœîą„ î›Šîœźîœîą©îœ°îž…,  "î›șîœČ îœČ"  îœČî›ș    î›ș
5.   
î›șîœČ       "îœšîœ­îŁ“îœ±îœ’ îœČî›ș"   îœč,     
îœČî›ș   î›ș îœźîœ‰îœ’îœ­î„Ą  î›ș     î Ș   î›Šîœźîœîą©îœ°îž… 
  î›ș î›șîœČîĄ‘îœŒîƒ  î›žîœźîœ™îœ’îœŒîƒ,   î Ș   ,    
 î î›§î„Ą
  îœč      î›žîœźîœ™îœ’îœŒîƒ       î›șîœČ   îœČ îœˆîœžî„Ą
î›Ș  , îœč îœČ  (îœČ   )  îœ‘îœžî›»îœ‰îœłîœ‡ ( ),  î›žîœ­îą©îœ­î î›ž
îœČ   î›ș    îœžî“î„Ą        îŁ™îąŒ  îœč,
 î›Ș     îą©îœ­îœî›ž      î›ș
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14
î›©îœąîœ±2
   îœč      , î›żîœŒ îźîœ­î›œîœ±îœ‹     îœČî›č îœźîœ™îą·îœźîœ™î šîœ­îœ•îœ’  îœč î›șîœČîĄ‘îœŒîƒ 
 ,      î›Ș     î Ș    î›żîœ­îœ“îœ± î›čîœ­î„Ą
 , îœźî›œîœźî›žî –îœ­, î›čî›ș   î›ș îœč    , î›żîœŒ î›Ș   
î›żîœ±îœ™îƒîœ‡îœ‡îœ­   îœžî“î„Ą
î›șîœČ   îœč       î î›§î„Ą ,  îźîœźîœ‡îœîœ­îœšîœ­îœ•îœ± î›ș 
î›čî›șîœŒîœ•îœšîœ­îŁ“îœ±,     îœ‘îœœîœźîœ•î›ž   î›čîœ±î„Ą       î›ș
îœč î›Ș î›čîœŒî›żîœŒîƒ  î›ș    î›ș  îœ„îœ­îœ•îœ­î„Ą
6.    îœč î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹
î›șîœČ         îą©îœ™îŁ•îœ­   ,     îœČ
îœîœ‘îœłîœžîœŒîƒ   :  (îœČî›żîœ­îœ“îœ±  î Ș), îž—îœźî©îœ’ (  ), îœč (îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“îœ±  ),
 îœšîœłî« (  )   îą©îœ™îŁ•îœ­ îœČ ,  îœČ     , 
îą©îœ°îž… , îœč            î›Ș  îœˆîœžî„Ą
 î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹ îœČ îœîœŻîœ“îœ™îœ­îœ“îœŒîƒ  -î›ș  îœźî«îœ‡ ,   îœîœ±îœźîœ€îœ’îœ­î        
îœˆîœ±îƒî„Ą   îœČ ,        ,   îœČî›č    
  îœˆîœ­î„Ą  ,   îœč  î›»îœ“îœžîœ•îœł    îœîœ±îœźîœ‘îœ‡ , î›Ș îœČ   
, îœč   î›č     î›ș   îž—îœ‘îœ‡îœ­î„Ą
    îœ“îœ±îœźîœ‡- îœ“îœŒîœąîœ‘îœ“îœ­îŠ  î›ș    îœˆîœžî„Ą îœźîœ‰îœ™îœ­îœ•îœ±,   îœ‹îœ™îœ“îœ­îœźî© îœč
îœČî›č    î›Ș     îœˆîœžî„Ą   îœČ       
    îœˆîœžî„Ą î›ș    îœ‘îœ‹îœŒîœ“îƒî›żîœ‹  îœ•îœŒî›žîœźîźîœ’  ,     
  îœč îœšîœ­îŁ“îœ±îœ’   î î›°î„Ą
7.   îźîœœî šîœŒîœźî›ș
î›șîœČ  î›Șî›č îœč   î›ș   ,    îœźîœ™î›žîœ­îœîœŒîƒ   î›ș îœˆîœ­î„Ą
 î›șîœźîœ†îœ‡îŸ’îœŒîƒ   îźîœ†îœ­îœ•îœ±     îœč  î›čîœŒî›żî ,  î›ș   
  îœ‰îœ±î„Ą      îœČ  îœ’îœłîœ“îœŒîœ   ,  î›Ș îŁ•îœ­îœ’îœ±  îœîœŁîœ­î„Ą
îœźî›œîœźî›žî –îœ­   , î›șîœČ      îœČîœČ  îœč îźîœ­î›œîœ±îœ‹    , 
îœČ,  îœźî›œîœźî›žî –îœ­   îźîœ†îœ­îœ•îœ±   î›čîœ±î„Ą   îČ   îœźîœžîŁŁîœŒîƒ 
îœźî›œîœźî›žî –î›ž îœ‘îœŒîœźîœ‡îœ’îœ­îœźîœîƒîœ‰ îœî›żîŠîœ“îœ±   îœî›żîŠîœ“îœ±  î›Ș  îœźî›œîœźî›žî –îœ­   î›ŠîĄ·îœ­îœ  îœˆîœžî„Ą
î›șîœČ   îœČ  î›č - îœ•îœ­î„Ą îœźîœ‰îąŸîœ±    , î›żîœŒ  îœČî›ș  îœč, î›Ș   î›Ș
îœČ    îœč î›ș        îœîœžî·îœ­îĄšîœ±   îŁ·îœ­îœ‰îœ­   î›ș  
, î›żîœŒ î›șîœČ îœČî›ș  î›šîƒî›żîœ±îœźîœ‹îœ’îœ“îœŒîƒ     îœč
8.   -  
  îœ“îœ†îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž    î›șîœČ     îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ  î›ș   îœźîœ‰îœ’îœ­î„Ą    
     îœČ      ,  îœźîœ™î›œîœ­îœ“îœŒîƒ, îœČ  îźîœœî šîœŒîœźî›șîœźî›žîœ’îœŒîƒ  -
  îœˆîœ­î„Ą   îœČ îœč  îœč îœźîœ™îœ‰îœžîœšîœ± îœ’îœ­îœźî©îœ’îœŒîƒ        îœČ 
 ,  î›Ș   -  î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹     î›żîœ­îœ‹î›žîœ­îœ“îœ± îœźîœ‘îœ•îœ±î„Ą
15
î›©îœąîœ±2
î›șîœČ îČ   î›Ș     îœč           îœ‚îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡ 
  îœźîœ‹îœîœ­î›©î„Ą  ,    îœźîœ™î›œîœ­îœ“ -   îœîœŁîœŒîœîœ±  
îœč  î›ș,  î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž  îŁ•îœ­îœ’îœ±  î›ŸîœŒîœŁîœ±î„Ą î›Ș  ,  îœîœŒîœźîœ„îœ’îœ­  î›šîƒîœ„îœŒîœ‹îœžîœźîœšîœ’îœ­ îœč   
  îœČ   î›șîœČ îœș    îœˆîœ±î„Ą
9.   
 îœšîœ‡îœ­îĄšîœ± .  î›șîœČ îČ      " îœČî›ș"    îœźî›œîœźîŁ„îœ‡ îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą îČ  
î›ș      îœ“îœ­î›żîœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž   îœźîœ™îœ‰îœžîœšîœ± î›§îąîœ‘îœ†îœŒîƒ    ,   
îĄîœ†îœŒîƒ îœîœžî„Ą , î›șîœČ   -  î›Șîœîœ•îœ°îĄ©îœ’îœŒîƒ        î›ŸîœŒîœŁîœ±î„Ą
     î›ș ,            
 îœžî“î„Ą , îœč î›żîœ­îƒî›œ      î›șîœČ   î›żîœŒîœ“   îœîœ±îœźîœ€îœ’îœŒîƒ   
  î›žîœ±î„Ą î›șîœČ îČ  î›ș          ,  
î›ș   î›ș       îœč
îąș
î›șîœČ îČ     -   î Ș     
îœˆîœ­î„Ą îœîą© îœ‘îƒîœźîœ‰îœ“îœŒîƒ         î›Ș ,       
 - îœ•îœ­î„Ą î›șîœČ          îœîœŻîœ“î€ŠîąŽ   ,   îœîĄ·îœ‡îœ­ 
îą©îœ­îœî›ž -   î›ș îœźîœ‰îœ’îœ­î„Ą  " îœČî›ș"     î›șîœłîƒî›żîœ‡îœ± îœč, î›żîœŒ  
    îŁ•îœ­îœ’îœ±    îœźîœ‰îœ•îœ­îœ‡îœ± îœč
î›ș-
5.      î›ș    î›žîœ“îî„Ą
î›Ș:      î›ș   
  ,     (        îœč)    ,  
          îœźîœ‹îœîœ­î›©î„Ą î›Ș î›ș    , 
î›Ș   îœ“îœ­î›żîœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž, ,     îœČ  î›ș  îœźîœ™î›œîœ­îœ“  î›șîœ­î„Ą
  î›Ș  îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ, îœč î›Șîœîœ•îœ°îĄ©îœ’îœŒîƒ,         
   î›șîœ­î„Ą
1. î›±îœźîœ‡îœžîœ­îœźîœî›ž :    î›Ș
  7 îœšîœ‡îœ­îĄšîœ±  îœČ  îœČî›č  î›Ș, îœźî›żîœî›žîœ± îœ“îœ­î›żîœŠîœ­îœ‹îœ±  (îœČ )
îœˆîœ±î„Ą     î›Șî›č        îœČ   606 .  
 îœčîœƒîœžî„Ą       î›Ș          î›œîœ•îœ­î„Ą
16
î›©îœąîœ±2
    î›Șîœî›żîœ­î›« , îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“ î›ș         
 îœˆîœ­î„Ą  ,              îČ   
     îœźî›žî›°î„Ą
2. îœ“îœ­î›żîœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž î›ș:   
. î›Ș   :
 ,        î›ș    î›Ș    îœˆîœ­î„Ą  
  , î›Ș       , î›żîœŒ  -   îœČî     îœˆîœžî„Ą
  îœč î›Šîœźîœîœ’îœ­îœ‹îœŒîƒ          î›ș  ,     îœˆîœ­î„Ą
î›č.  îœČ:
     îœČ         îźîœ†îœ­îœ•îœ± îœˆîœ±î„Ą î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž  îČ  îźîœ­îƒîœ‡îœŒîƒ 
 ,        î›Ș  î›ŠîœźîœŠî›žîœ­îœ“îœ±   îœˆîœ­î„Ą , î›żîœŒ
î›Ș îČ     ,      î î›§î„Ą   îŁ•îœ­îœ‹îœ±îœ’ 
îœČîą©îœ™îœ°îŁ•îœ‡ ,     îą©îœ™îŁ•îœ­ îœČ   îœČ    î î›§î„Ą
î›ș. îœč îœ“îœ†îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡:
  îœč      î›č  îœČ î›č    îœźîœ‹îœîœ­î›©î„Ą  î›șîœŒîœźîœ•î›ž
      î›Ș-    î›§îąîœ‘îœ†îœŒîƒ    îœˆîœ­î„Ą   
        ,  îČ      ,    

3.  î›ș:    îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“
.   :
      î›Șîœî›żîœ­î›«    "    "       îœč
           î›č      îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡îœ’îœ­îƒ î›ș î›žîœ±îƒî„Ą î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž
î›ș, î›żîœœ   îœč   î›č  îźîœŒî –îœ­îœźîœžîœ‡ , î›żîœŒ îČ  î›č îœČ   
îœˆîœ±îƒî„Ą
î›č. îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“  :
  îœ“îœ†îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž            î›żîœŒîœŁîœ‹îœž  îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“ î›ș    
îœźîœ‰îœ’îœ­î„Ą    îœîœŁî›žîœŒîƒ  îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœŻîœ“îœ’îœŒîƒ   îœźîœ™î”îœ­îœ‘ î›ș îœč îœČîœźîœ‹îœ’îœ­îœ‰îœ±   îœČ  îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“
 îœČ îœîœ‹îœ­îœ’îœ­î„Ą     îŁ•îœ­îœ‹îœ±îœ’ î›ŠîœˆîŠîą©îœ™îŁ•îœ­     îœîœŁîœŒîœîœ±   
  -  î î›§î„Ą
î›ș.   :
     îźîœ†îœ­îœ•îœ± î›ș ,   îœČ   îœźî›žîœîœ­îœ‹îœŒîƒ  îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœŻîœ“îœ’îœŒîƒ  
  îœîœŁîœžî„Ą  îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡       î›č   ,     
 î›șîœźîœ‡îœźîœ™îœźîœŠîœ’îœŒîƒ   îœźîœ‘îœ•îœ­î„Ą
17
î›©îœąîœ±2
4.  î›ș:    îœČ
. î›žîąžîœ­îœ†î›žîœ­îœ“îœ± î›Ș:
        îœźî›œîƒîœ‡îœ­     îœˆîœžî„Ą î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž îœîą©   î›Ș î›§îœ’îœŒîœźî›żîœ‡
,  î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž î›ș  îœąîîœ“îœ‡îœ‘îƒîœ‰îœŒîƒ   îœźîœ‰îœ’îœ­î„Ą     îœźîœîœ„îŠ îœ“îœ­î›żîœŠîœ­îœ‹îœ±   îœîœ±îœźîœ‘îœ‡  ,
  îœč îźîœ­îƒîœ‡îœŒîƒ   îœč   ,   îœČ   îČ     î›ș 
 îœźîœ‘îœ•îœžî„Ą
î›č.  îœČ:
 ,    ,   îœČ     îœˆîœžî„Ą      ,
 î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž    îœč  îœč       îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą    
îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡       , î›żîœŒ    îœîœŻîœ“î€ŠîąŽ   îœč î›Ș   ,
     - ,        îœźîœ‘îœ•îœ­î„Ą
î›ș.  îœČ:
    î›Ș  î›ș     îœČ    î›ș î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž  
îœźîœ‹î›œîœ•îœž   î›Ș    î›Ș î›ș ,         îœˆîœ­î„Ą
 îœČ      ,    î›ș     î›ș îœźîœ‘îœ•îœ­î„Ą
5.   î›ș:     
.    :
        î›Ș       îŁ‘îœłîœîœŒîƒ   î î›§î„Ą 
,              î î›©î„Ą      
    îŁȘî›ș       î›Ș  îœ‰îŁ‘îœ­îœ™îœžî›żîœ±î›žîœ“îœ† îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą
î›č.      :
       î Ș  îœˆîœžî„Ą î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž         î›č, 
      î›ș îœźîœ‘îœ•îœ­î„Ą î›Ș   î›șîœźîœ‡îœźîœ™îœźîœŠîœ’îœŒîƒ    ,  
îČ  î Ș    îœˆîœžî„Ą ,           -
      îźî›œîœ­îœ“-   î î›§î„Ą
. îœČ     îœČ î›ș î›č î›ș    î›ș , 
    îœČ îœčîœźîœ•îœ’îœŒîƒ  îœźîœ‘î”îœ†  îœžî“î„Ą  ,      
î›Șî žîœžîąŽîœŒîƒ    ,      î›șîœźîœ‡îœźîœ™îœźîœŠîœ’îœŒîƒ      î›ș
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6.     
.   îœîƒîą¶îœžîœœîœ†:
       îœîƒîą¶îœžîœœîœ†    îœźîœ‹îœîœ­î›©î„Ą   ,   
 , î›Ș         îœîœ°îąƒî”îœ† î›č î›șîœ’îœ­î„Ą  îœîƒîą¶îœžîœœîœ† î›Ș  
, îœČ    îŁ™îąŒ îœč, î›żîœŒ     -   îœč
î›č.     :
       îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ           î›žîœ±î„Ą
18
î›©îœąîœ±2
 , î›żîœŒ   îČ        ,        
    îœˆîœ­î„Ą     î›ș    îœ“îœ­î›żîœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž      
     î›čîœ±î„Ą
7.   
       î›ș  ,   î›Ș    
  îŁąîœ±î›žîœ­îœ“   îœč
.    :
    îą©îœ™îŁ•îœ­ îœČ      îŁ•îœ­îœ‹îœ±îœ’   î›Ș  îœˆîœ±î„Ą 
 î›ŠîœźîœŠî›žîœ­îœ“îœ±           -  îœč  
îœźîœ™îœźîœšîąŒ   î›č   îœˆîœžî„Ą
î›č.  :
    ,     îœˆîœ±îƒî„Ą îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“        
   î›ș,       îœč 
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î›ș.     :
 îČ             îœˆîœ±î„Ą î›Ș îœČ  , îČ
î›żîą—îœ±  î›č î›ș,       îœ“îœ­î›żîœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž  îœč  î›ș
8. îąș:      
 ,              î›ș îœźîœ‰îœ’îœ­î„Ą î›Ș
îœ“îœ­î›żîœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž ,  îœČ,  îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ          îŁ•îœ­îœ’îœ±
 î›ŸîœŒîœŁîœ­î„Ą î›Ș       ,     î›Ș   î›čîœ­î„Ą
,         î›Ș      
 îœč  î›žîœźîœ‘îœ’îœŒîƒ  ,           îœî›žîœ‡îœ­î„Ą î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž
              î›č    îœźîœ‹îœîœ­î›©î„Ą
îąș   ,      î›ș  ,  îœ“îœ­î›żîœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž, , 
     îœˆîœžî„Ą î›Ș          î›č, î›żîœŒ
   î›ŸîœŒîœŁ î›ș       îœč    îœč
6. 700  1000 .           îą©îœ­îž„îœ­ 
î›Ș:        (700 – 1000 .)
,  " îœ‹îœźîœ‰îœ’îœŒîƒ  "      îœč,        îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ
   îœč 700  1000 .  ,   , , î›ŠîœˆîŠîą©îœ™îŁ•îœ­       î›čîœžî„Ą
19
î›©îœąîœ±2
   îŁ•îœ­îœ‹îœ±îœ’   ,  îœ“îœ­î›żîœ™îƒîœšîœŒîƒ  î›ș   ,     
    î Ș îœźî›œîœźîŁ„îœ‡  î›ș îœˆîœ­î„Ą         
  î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹   î›ș 
1.    (700 – 1000 .)
 
     îą©îœ™îœîœ­îœ’,        î›ș   îœˆîœ­î„Ą   îœČî›č
 :
‱   :   îœČ          îą©îœ™îŁ•îœ­ 
î›č    îœˆîœžî„Ą    ,   î›ș    î›§îąîœ‘îœ†îœŒîƒ  
   îœźîœ‹îœîœ­î›© îœˆîœ±î„Ą
‱ îœČî›żîœ­îœ“îœ±  î Ș:    îœČ  î›Ș       
  îœˆîœ­î„Ą î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž î›ș      îœČ     îœźîœ‹îœîœ­î›©î„Ą
‱ îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“îœ±  î›ș:îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“ î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹       îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“îœ±    
   ,   îœČ  îœČ îœč îœČ  -  îœˆîœžî„Ą
‱       îœźî›žîœîœ­îœ‹îœŒîƒ   î›żîœŒ î›ș, î›żîœœ   îœč
 î›Șî›ș îœˆîœžî„Ą î›ș îœźîœ‘îŸ„îœ±  , î›ș    îœˆîœžî„Ą
‱   :îœČ  î›ș              îœˆîœžî„Ą  
î›Ș  îœźîœ‹îĄ» îœˆîœ±î„Ą
  
      ,  î›Ș îœČ  îźîœźîœ‡îœîƒîœŠîœŒîƒ    îœîœŁîœ­î„Ą 
îœîœŻîœ“îœ™îœ­îœ“îœŒîƒ  î›Ș        î›șîœźîœ‡îœźîœ™îœźîœŠîœ’îœŒîƒ  î›ș   ,   
   î›Ș  îœîœ±îœźîœ‘îœ‡ îœˆîœžî„Ą , îœČ     îœČ   
îœ“îœ­î›żîœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž    îœˆîœ­î„Ą
 
 îą©îœ™îŁ•îœ­      , î›č îœČ  îœîœ±î›œî„Ą î›ș     
  î›ș-î›ș î›żîœ­îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ    îœˆîœžî„Ą     îœč ,   î›ș
       îœźîœ‰îœ•îœ­îœ’îœ­î„Ą
2.    î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹
                îœźîœ‹îœîœ­î›©î„Ą  îœČî›č 
     :
20
î›©îœąîœ±2
îœźîœžî€ąîœ‰


     îą©îœ­îœî›ž      îœˆîœ­î„Ą    î›ș  î›ș îœČ,   îœČî›ș
îœč     îœˆîœžî„Ą      (î›©îą·îœ“   )   îœ•îœŒî›žîœźîźîœ’ 
î›șîœ±î„Ą îœ‘îƒîœźîœ‰îœ“îœŒîƒ       îœč        îœˆîœ­î„Ą
   îœč 
   îœč , î›żîœŒ îœźîœî›Ÿîœ•îœ± îœšîœ‡îœ­îœ°îĄšîœ’îœŒîƒ  -  , 700 .       î›șîœžî„Ą ,
    îœ‘îœœî›żîœłîœ‰ ,  îœč îœČ       îźî›œîœ­îœ“      
 îœˆîœžî„Ą
  î›ș
   î›Ș       îœČ ,  îœČ   îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“îœ±   
 î›șî›żîœ‹îœ™îœ± (î›șî›ș 1000 .) îœč îœČ  î Ș  îœˆîœ­î„Ą îœČ      î›ș


         î›č  î›șîœžî„Ą
3.   
  îœČ      îœźîœ‹îœ’îƒî©îœ† îœˆîœ­î„Ą  î›șîœČîœČ  (îœźîœšîž—î›žîœŒîƒ î Ș îœîƒî›œîœ­îœźîœ•îœ‡ )  ,
, î›ș  î›čî›ș  îœč   îœˆîœžî„Ą       î›żîœ­îœ‡îœ± îœˆîœ±î„Ą

‱     î Ș      îœˆîœ±î„Ą
‱       î›ș î Ș  î›żîœ­îœ‡îœ± îœˆîœ±îƒî„Ą
‱   î›ș         î›č î›șîœžî„Ą
    
   ,         î›ș  î›Ș   î›șîœ’îœ­î„Ą
î›ș     îœč îœČ  îœ‘îœžîœ­î›žîœ­îą©îœŒîƒ   îœČ î›ș


4. , îœČ    î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹
  îœźî›œî©î›žîœ­îœ“îœ±
    î›ș  îœˆîœ­î„Ą  îœ‘îƒîœźîœ‰îœ“îœŒîƒ     , î›żîœ­îœ‹îœ™îœ“îœŒîƒ  îœč î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹  
îœČ îœ‹îżîœ­îœšîœ±  î›ș îœˆîœ±îƒî„Ą        îœČ    î›żîœ­îœ‡îœ± îœˆîœ±îƒî„Ą
îœČ
   îœ‘îƒîœźîœ‰îœ“îœŒîƒ   îŁ‘îœłîœîœŒîƒ   î î›§î„Ą   îœČ       :
‱ îœ‘îƒîœźîœ‰îœ“îœŒîƒ  îœ‹îżîœ­îœšîœ±îœ‰îœ­îœ“     îœ‘îœłîœźîœ‡îŠîœ’îœ­îî„Ą
‱ îŁ•îœ­îœ‹îœ±îœ’  î Ș    îœ‘îœžîœ•î„Ą
21
î›©îœąîœ±2
‱   îœČ   î Ș   î›Ș   î›ș


î›ș  
î›ș           îœˆîœžî„Ą î›ș  î›ș îœč î›ș
     îźî›œîœźîœ•îœ‡  , î›żîœŒ  î›Ș     îœČ   îœˆîœžî„Ą
5. î›ŠîœˆîŠîą©îœ™îŁ•îœ­  îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“
      ,  îŁ·îœ­îœ‰îœ­îœ‡îœ“ î›ș î›čîœžîœ‡îœ±îœîœ­îœŁîœ±  î›ș  îœˆîœžî„Ą  î›ș, î›żîœœ,   î›ș
î›Șî›ș îœˆîœžî„Ą
îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“  
‱          î›żîœŒîœŁîœ‹îœž  îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“ î›ș      îœˆîœ­î„Ą
‱ , ,   îœČ îœč îœČ  îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“ îœîœŁîœŒîœîœ±      îœˆîœ­î„Ą
‱ îœźîœîżîœŒîƒ  îźîœ’îœŒî›ș    î›ș,  îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“   î›șîœ’îœ­î„Ą
6.   îœ“îœ­î›żîœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž 
       îœ“îœ­î›żîœ™îƒîœšîœŒîƒ   îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą   îœČ  îœČî›č  îœźîœ‹îĄ»îœźîœ•îœ°î›č :
 
 îœČî›č  î›ș îœˆîœžî„Ą î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž      î›§îąîœ‘îœ†îœŒîƒ  îœî›œîœ­îœ’îœ­î„Ą     îœČ 
      îœČ  îœźîœžîŁŁîœŒîƒ   îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą
   
    ,  î›șî›żîœ‹îœ™îœ± ( î›ș )        (î›șî›ș
1000 .)  î›§îąîœ‘îœ†îœŒîƒ  îŁ•îœ­îœ‹îœ±îœ’   î›žîœ‘îœąîœŒîœ“      îœšîœ‡îœ­îœ°îĄšîœ’îœŒîƒ  îœČ 
 î›Ș î î›§î„Ą
îąș
700  1000 .           îœˆîœ­î„Ą  î›ș-î›ș î›ș    
  î›ș  î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹     îœˆîœ­î„Ą     ,     
     îœ‘îœœî›żîœłîœ‰î›ș   îœČ  îœ‰îœ±î„Ą ,      ,
 îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“    î›ŠîœˆîŠîą©îœ™îŁ•îœ­    îœ“îœžîœžî„Ą î›§îąîœ‘îœ†îœŒîƒ   îœ“îœ­î›żîœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž    
    îœźî›žî›°î„Ą
22
î›©îœąîœ±2
î›ș-
7.  îœźîœ™îą·îœźîœ™î šîœ­îœ•îœ’     îźîœ­î›œîœ±îœ‹          
î›žîœ“îî„Ą
î›Ș:  îœźîœ™îą·îœźîœ™î šîœ­îœ•îœ’     îźîœ­î›œîœ±îœ‹        
îœîœŻîœ“î›œîœ’
   îźîœ­î›œîœ±îœ‹            îœč  îœ“îœ†îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž  
î›Șîœî›żîœ­î›«       î›Șî Ș  î›Ș   î Ș,    
   îœč       î›Șî›č îœîƒîŁ•îœ­îœ‹îœŒîƒ     îœźîœ™îą·îœźîœ™î šîœ­îœ•îœ’ , î›żîœŒ
            î î›§î„Ą   îźîœ­î›œîœ±îœ‹        
  î›čîœŒî›ż  îœč   îœźîœ™îą·îœźîœ™î šîœ­îœ•îœ’      îœč
     
îźîœ­î›œîœ±îœ‹     îœČ î›Šîœ‹îœœîœî›œîœ­îœŻîœ“î›ž îźîœ†îœ­îœźîœ•îœ’îœŒîƒ  ,      îœ‰îœłîœîœ“îœ±  
î›č     îœˆîœ­î„Ą      ,  ()  î›șîœČîœČ 
(îœźîœšîž—î›žîœŒîƒ  ) îœˆîœžî„Ą       îœč , , îœźî›œîœźî›žî –îœ­, î›čî›ș   îœČî   îœč
îœźîœ™îœœîœ’îœŒîƒ    îœźî«îœ‡   îœˆîœ­î„Ą
1.   îœč   
‱    îźîœ†îœ­îœ•îœ±             îœźîœ‹îœîœ­î›©î„Ą 
îœč  ,      îœČîœŁîœ±  ,   î›č     
î›żîœ­îœ‡îœ± îœˆîœ±î„Ą
‱     îźîœ­î›œîœ±îœ‹îœ‡îœ‘     îžč  - î›Șîœîœźîœ‹îœœîœ‰îœŒîƒ  îœČ îœč   
   îœˆîœ­î„Ą
‱          ,  îŁ•îœ­îœ‹îœŒîƒ     -
îœîœ‘îœłîœžîœŒîƒ      îœˆîœžî„Ą
2.    
‱    î›Ș          î›Șîœîœ“îœžî„Ą       îœČ  
îœč   ,       îœźî«îœ‡  îœˆîœžî„Ą
‱ îœČ   îœźîœžîŁŁîœŒîƒ  îœČ  î Ș  ,       
    îœîƒîŁ•îœ­îœ‹îœŒîƒ   îœˆîœžî„Ą
 îœźîœ™îą·îœźîœ™î šîœ­îœ•îœ’ -     
îźîœ­î›œîœ±îœ‹        ,  îœźîœ™îą·îœźîœ™î šîœ­îœ•îœ’ îœźîœ™îą·        î›Șîœîœ“îœ­î„Ą
 îœČ   îœČ îœźîœ™îą·îœźîœ™î šîœ­îœ•îœ’îœŒîƒ      6 îœšîœ‡îœ­îĄšîœ±    5 îœšîœ‡îœ­îĄšîœ± .. 
 îœîƒî›œîœ­îœźîœ•îœ‡ î î›§î„Ą         îœˆîœ­î„Ą
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î›©îœąîœ±2
1.   î›±îœźîœ‡îœžîœ­îœźîœî›ž 
‱   î Ÿ       î›ș îœîĄ·îœ‡îœ­     îœč
‱  , ,     î›żîœŒîœŁîœ‹îœž  îą©îœ­îœîœ­îœ“ î›ș  îœ“îœ†îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž    , 
    î Ș      îœźîœ‘îœ•îœ±î„Ą
‱ îœČ îœźîœ™îą·îœźîœ™î šîœ­îœ•îœ’îœŒîƒ  îœźîœ™îœîœ“îœ±îœ‡,         ,   
îœźîœšîž—î›žîœŒîƒ (î›șîœČ) î Ș îœîƒî›œîœ­îœźîœ•îœ‡ îœźîœ™îœźîœšîąŒ îœîƒîŁ•îœ­îœ‹îœŒîƒ    îœˆîœ­î„Ą
2.      
‱   îœźîœ™îœœîœ’îœŒîƒ   î›č     ,  îą©îœ­îœ™îœžîœ­îœŻîœ“î›ž  
     îœˆîœžî„Ą
‱  îœČ  îœČî›č   :
o    -        
o îœźî›œîœźî›žî –îœ­ (îœČ) -  îœźî›œîœźî›žî –î›ž , îœźî›żîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž îœČ   î›ș ,
  îœČ î Ș    îœˆîœžî„Ą
o îœ“îœ­î›żîœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡   -    îœč    î›č  (î›žîœœîœźîœ‚îąž) 
      îœˆîœ­î„Ą
o î›ș  î›čî›ș  - ,      î›Ș 
 î›ș


o îœČî    îœ‡îœ±îœ“îƒîœ‰îœ­î›żîœ± - îœ‡îœ•îœ™îœ­îœ“îœîœ­î›żîœ±  îœ‡îœ±îœ“îƒîœ‰îœ­î›żîœ±  îœč ,    
 , î›żîœŒ   îźîœšîœ­îœî›žîœŒîƒ  îœč  îœˆîœ­î„Ą
o îą©îœ­î›žîœ“îœ†   -       îą©îœ­î›žîœ“îœ†    
   îœˆîœ­î„Ą
3.   
‱    îźîœ†îœ­îœ•îœ± î Ș   îœČ      îœˆîœ±î„Ą
‱  -   î›șîœČ ()      îœˆîœžî„Ą
‱        ;  , î›č îą©îœ°îž…î›ș ,   
î›ș  î›ș  îœˆîœžî„Ą
‱ ,     îą©îœ­îœ™îœžîœ­îœŻîœ“î›ž îœČîźîœ’îœŒî›ș  î›żîœŒîœ“  î›șîœ’îœ­î„Ą
4.   îœČ  î Ș
‱  -     îą©îœ­î›žîœ“îœ†îœźîœ™îœ‰î€ îœźî›żîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž îœšîœ­îŁ“îœ±îœ’   îą©îœ­î›žîœ“îœ†   îœč îœźî›žî›°î„Ą
‱  - îœČ  ,  î›ș   îœźî›œîœźî›žî –îœ­    î›čîœ±î„Ą
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î›©îœąîœ±2
‱ î›żîœ±îœ™î›ž - îźîœ­î›œîœ±îœ‹     îœźî›œîœźî›žî –î›ž,      îœč  î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž  îœČî   
  îœˆîœ­î„Ą
‱  (î›žîœœîœźîœ‚îąž) -  îœ“îœ†îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›žîœ­îœ“    î›č, î›żîœŒ îœ“îœ­î›żîœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡    
 îœč
       
    ,             î›ș 
  :
‱ îœźîœ™îœ‰îœžîœšîœ±  - îœ’îœłîœ‹îœ­îœźîœ‹îœ’îœŒîƒ, îœîœ±îœźîœˆîœ’îœ‹  îĄîœ†îœŒîƒ  - î›§îąîœ‘îœ†îœŒîƒ      îœč 
î›ș
‱ îĄîœ†îœŒîƒ î Ș  (5 îœšîœ‡îœ­îĄšîœ± .) -    îą·îœžîœ‡ îĄîœ†îœŒîƒ î Ș îœ‹îąŒ   î›ș, 
 î›ș îœč îœČî›ș    î›șîœ’îœ­î„Ą
‱  îœźîœ™îą·îœźîœ™î šîœ­îœ•îœ’îœŒîƒ  î›Ș -       îœč îœźîœ™îą·îœźîœ™î šîœ­îœ•îœ’îœŒîƒ  î›Ș 
, î›Ș       î›șîœ’îœ­î„Ą
îąș
îźîœ­î›œîœ±îœ‹                 îœč  îœîƒîŁ•îœ­îœ‹îœŒîƒ 
        îœč     îœźîœ‹îœîœ­î›©î„Ą  îœźîœ™îą·îœźîœ™î šîœ­îœ•îœ’, 
 , î›Ș         îœČ     î Ș   îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą îœźî›œîœźî›žî –îœ­,
îœ“îœ­î›żîœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡, îą©îœ­î›žîœ“îœ†     î›ș îœČ     îœč  î›§îąîœ‘îœ†îœŒîƒ 
-îœ“îœ­î›żîœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž îœîœŻîœ“îœ™îœ‡îŠîœ‹îœŒîƒ    îœîƒîŁ•îœ­îœ‹îœŒîƒ    ,  î›Ș  
 î›żîœ±îœ™îƒîœ‡ îœč      îœč
8.   î›șîœČ îČ       îœČ  îœČî›č   
î›žîœ“îî„Ą
î›Ș:   î›șîœČ îČ       îœČ  îœČî›č 
 , î›żîœŒ  î›Șîœî›żîœ­î›«   î›żîœ±îœ™îƒîœ‡       îœč,   îœžîœąîœ­îœ“îœŒîƒ  îœČ
îœč  (322-185  )  î›șîœČ (320-550 .) îČ  ,     îœČ 
  î›čîœ­î„Ą  î›Šîœ™îœźîœŠîœ’îœŒîƒ  îŁîœ­îœ“î›žîœ±îœ’ ,  îœ‘îœłîœźîœ‡îŠîœ’îœŒîƒ   î›Šîœźîœîą©îœ°îž…îœ’îœŒîƒ 
 î Ș îœźî›œîœźîŁ„îœ‡  î›ș  î›żîœŒ î›Ș   ,    îœ“îœ­î›żîœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž   
îœˆîœžî„Ą  îą©îœ­îž„îœ­ ,     îČ       îœČ  îœČî›č  
 î›ș î›ș, î›Ș î›Šîœ‹îœłîœƒîœ± , îźîœîœ­îœ™îœŒîƒ  î›ș    îœźî«îœ‡ î›șîœžî„Ą
25
î›©îœąîœ±2
1. î›±îœźîœ‡îœžîœ­îœźîœî›ž :   î›șîœČ îČ   
  îœČ  î›Ș  ,  î›Šîœ™îœźîœŠîœ’îœŒîƒ     î›±îœźîœ‡îœžîœ­îœźîœî›ž   
 îœč
‱  îČ: 322    î›șîœČ  î Ș ,  îČ îźîœ­î›œîœ±îœ‹    
   îČ    îœˆîœ­î„Ą îČ  (268-232  )  , îČ
    î›ș,    îœ“îœ†îœ‹îœ±îœźîœ‡î›ž   î›Șîœî›żîœ­î›«    
   î›șîœ’îœ­î„Ą       î›Ș     îœČ  î›ș
 , îžîœŒîƒîœźî›ž î›ȘîĄŽîœŒîƒîœ‹îœž îŁ‘îœłîœîœŒîƒ, îŁ‘îƒîœîœŒîƒ       îœźîœ‰îœ’îœ­î„Ą
‱ î›șîœČ îČ:  " îœČî›ș"     , î›șîœČ îČ (320-550 .) ,
    î›Ș î Ș îœźî›œîœźîŁ„îœ‡ îœˆîœ­î„Ą î›șîœČ ,       îœˆîœžî„Ą
,  îČ      , î›Ș        î›Ș
  î î›§î„Ą î›șîœČ      îœČ ,  îœ‘îƒîœźîœ‰îœ“îœŒîƒ    
îœ‘îœłîœźîœ‡îŠîœ’îœŒîƒ     îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą
2.  îČ     îœČ
 îČ     îœČ   î›čîœ±î„Ą        î›ș,
îœîą©îœ‡îœ­   îœźîœ™îœœîœ’îœŒîƒ,         îœźî«îœ‡  îœˆîœ­î„Ą  îœČ   î›ș :
.   î›č
   îœČ   îČ    î›ș      îœžî“î„Ą  îŁ‘îƒîœîœŒîƒ
 îČ        îœč    î›č      
   îČ   îœˆîœ­î„Ą
‱   : î›č îœČ    ,     îœČ   î›ș îœˆîœ­î„Ą 
î›č ,  î›Ș     îœČ   î›ș , î›żîœŒ î›Ș   î›Șî›č
î›šîƒî›żîœ±îœźîœ‹îœ’îœŻîœ“îƒî›ș î›Șîœîœ•îœ°îĄ© îœˆîœ±î„Ą
‱ :î›č    îœș  î›ș ,   , î›șî›ș îœČ îœč î›č îœˆîœžî„Ą 
îœș  îœîœźîœ€îœ’îœ­     îœîœžî·îœ­îœ°îĄšîœ’îœŒîƒ   îŁ·îœ­îœ‰îœ­    îœ“îœžîœ±î„Ą
‱ îœîœłîƒî›żîœ±îŁ‘îƒîœ     ,   îœč îœč î›żîœ­îœ‹îœ™îœ“îœŒîƒ  îœ‘îœłîœźîœ‡îŠîœ’îœŒîƒ    îœˆîœ­î„Ą 
  î›Ș     îœč, î›żîœŒ    îœ“îœ­îąŒ

 îźîœ‡îœ±î›ž îœč
‱ î›Ș:      îœźî›œîŁ„î›ž     , îœč    î›Ș 
          îœˆîœžî„Ą
î›Ș:        î›ș îœč,   î›Ș     îœč  
,  îœČ   îœč  î›ș îœˆîœ±îƒî„Ą
26
î›©îœąîœ±2
î›č. 
       îœČ  îœˆîœ±î„Ą  î›șîœČ      î›żîœŒ îœČî   
 îœîœłî›żîœ‹îœ±îœ’  îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ    î›č    î›ș îœˆîœ±îƒî„Ą
‱  îœźîœ™îœźîœšîąŒ    î›ș  ()  î›č  î›ș î›șîœČ ()  îœˆîœ­î„Ą
î›șîœČ     î›ș ()    î›Ș     (îœ’îœźîąŒ)    
 ()   î›żîœŒ îœ“îœ­î›żîœîœ±îœîœ‹  îœźîœ‰îą©îœ‡îœ­  îźîœ‡îœ±î›ž  îœˆîœžî„Ą
‱ î›Ș:  îœŠîœ‘îœ­îŠîœ™îœ•îƒîœźîœîœ’îœŒîƒ     îœ‡îœ±îœˆîŠîŁ•îœ• îœˆîœžî„Ą  îœČî      î›Ș  
îźîœ‡îœ±î›ž îœˆîœžî„Ą
‱      ,         î›ș,  îœČî  
 î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹  î€ŠîąŽîœŒîƒ   îœ‹îżîœ­îœšîœ±   îœˆîœ±îƒî„Ą
î›Ș ( )       îœČ     î›Ș  
 îœč           îœč,         
î›żîœŒ   îœžî“î„Ą
. îœș- îœČ
   îœč  îœČ   îœČ ,       î›Ș  î›șîœ’îœ­î„Ą
‱ î›șîœČ :   î›șîœČ      î›ș îœČ   îœČ î›Ș
îœžî“î„Ą  î›șîœČ  î›Șî›ș  îœČ  îœźîœ™î”îœ­îœ‘-         
 îŁ‘îƒîœîœŒîƒ   îœș  î›ș  î›ș îœˆîœžî„Ą
‱             î›ș î›șîœČ  îœźîœ‘îœ•îœ± ,
          îœČ    îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą
. 
           îœˆîœ±î„Ą
‱   : îźîœ­î›œîœ±îœ‹   îœîœłî›żîœ±       îœˆîœ±îƒî„Ą     (îœČ) 
îœ’îœźîž—îœźîœ†îœ’îœŒîƒ ()    îœˆîœ±îƒî„Ą î›Ș , î›żîœ±îœ™îƒîœ‡  îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ     î›ș , î›żîœŒ
 îœČ îœČ  î›č  îœˆîœžî„Ą
‱ îœČ îœČ,      , îœ•îœŒî›žîœźîźîœ’  îœˆîœžî„Ą   -î›č  îœČ
   îœČî›č î›Ș îœč
î›Ș:î›ș ,       ,    
î›Ș    îœč      îœč,   î›Ș    îœč   îœč
3. î›șîœČ îČ     îœČ
î›șîœČ       îœČ  î›č   îœč  îœČî›ș   îœźîœ™îœœîœ’îœŒîƒ, 
   îœč îœČ  îœźîœ‘î”îœ† î›č î›șîœ’îœ­î„Ą  îœČ   î›ș :
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î›©îœąîœ±2
.  îœČ
î›șîœČ   îœšîœ­îŁ“îœ±îœ’   îœČ  îœČ î î›©î„Ą      î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹    îœČ
 î›ș
‱  : î›șîœČ   ,    î›șî›ș (î›șî›ș)     
 î›č î›żîœ­îœ‡îœ± ,      îœˆîœ±î„Ą   ,     î›ș, 
  ()   î›č (î›č)    î›șîœ’îœ­î„Ą
‱ : , 

  îœ•î›žîœŁîœ±  î›Șî›ș   î›ș îœˆîœžî„Ą   î›Șî›ș  
îœ‹îżîœ­îœšîœ±  îœźîœ‚î›žîœ­î›«     î î›§î„Ą
‱    -  îœîœœîœ“îœ­îœźîœ†î›ž î€ŠîąŽîœŒîƒ  îœ‘îœłîœźîœ‡îŠîœ’îœŒîƒ  îœî›żîœ±  îœˆîœ±îƒî„Ą îœ‹îżîœ­îœšîœ± 
   î›Ș       îœˆîœ±î„Ą
î›Șî›ș (î›Ș )     î›șîœČîĄ‘î›žîœ­îœ•îœ±îœ‹  îœČ   î›Ș îąŒ î›Ș
îœč      îœč,   î›Ș îœč    îœč     
îœźî›žîœ’îœ­î„Ą
î›č. 
î›șîœČîĄ‘î›žîœ­îœ•îœ±îœ‹   îœČ, îœČ   î›Šîœźîœîą©îœ°îž…    îœč
‱   îœČ,   îœČî›ș îœč -    îœˆîœ±îƒî„Ą   îœźîœ‡îœ’îœŒîƒ 
 îœČ,         î›ș îœˆîœ­î„Ą
‱ îœČî   î›Ÿîœźîœ™îœ’îœ­îî›șîœČ   îœČî    îœČ     î›ș

  îœ‘îœłîœźîœ‡îŠîœ’îœŒîƒ  îœČî    
îœČ   î›ș îœč, îœč        ,  î›Ș   îœČ
î›Šîœźîœîą©îœ°îž…îœ’îœ­î î›Ș  îœˆîœ±îƒî„Ą
‱  î›șîœČ       îœîœźîŸ„î›žîœ­î›°î  îœ•îœŒî›žîœźîźîœ’ îœˆîœ±îƒî„Ą  î›Șî›ș îœ‘îƒîœźîœ‰îœ“îœŒîƒ
           îœč î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹, îœîœœîœ“îœ­îœźîœ†î›ž     
   îœˆîœžî„Ą
î›Ș: îœČî    ,  îœČ   îœČ îœČ  , î›șîœČîĄ‘î›žîœ­îœ•îœ±îœ‹  
 î›Ș îąŒ   îœč  î›Ș    î›Ș îąŒîœ‡îœ­   îœč
. îžș
 îœČ   î›Ș  , î›șîœČ  îœźî›œî©î›žîœ•îœ­   î›ș     îœč
‱   î›șîœČ : î›șîœČ (îœ‘îœžîœ­îœ“îœ­îąŒ

)   îœźî›œî© î›șîœČîĄ‘î›žîœ­îœ•îœ±îœ‹ îœźî›œî©î›žîœ•îœ­   
î›Ș îœžî“î„Ą  î›ș îœČî    î›żîœ±îœ™îœ‹  î€ŠîąŽîœŒîƒ    (îœČî    îœźîœî›Ÿîœ•îœž î›żîĄ‰îœŒîƒ  )
  îœžî“î„Ą   î›żîœ±îœ™îƒîœ‡ î›ș,  îœźîœ™îœ™îœ“îœ†îœŒîƒ   î›ș   î›żîœ­îœ‹îœ± î›żîœ­îœ‡îœ± îœžî“î„Ą
‱      î›șîœČ îœČî›ș   î›ș  îœźîœ‘îœ•îœ± îœč,     
îœźîœ™îœœîœ’îœŒîƒ   îŁ•îœ­îœ‹îœ±îœ’     î›șîœ­î„Ą
28
î›©îœąîœ±2
. -
î›șîœČ îČ  î›Ș îąŒ   îœźîœîżîœŒîƒ      îœč, î›żîœŒ        
    î›Ș îœˆîœžî„Ą
‱ :îœźîœîżîœŒîƒ  î›șîœČ   î›Ÿîœźîœ™îœ’îœ­îƒ  ,     îœźîœšî›žîœ­îœŻîœ“îœ’îœŒîƒ   
  ,   î›Ș  îœźîœžî€ąîœ‰îœł -   îźîœ‡îœ±î›žîœŒîƒ     îœˆîœ­î„Ą
‱ î›č:îœźîœîżîœŒîƒ     î›č  , î›żîœŒ î›Ș      
î›Șîœîœ•îœ°îĄ©îœ’îœŒîƒ    îœˆîœžî„Ą
î›Ș: îœČî›șîœČ     ,  î›Ș  ( î›ș )   î›č î›ș îœč, î›șîœČ
      îąș   îœžî“î„Ą
4.   îœČ    
  î›șîœČ      îœČ          îœźîœ‹îœîœ­î›©î„Ą
‱  :  îœČî›č  ,   îŁ‘îœłîœîœŒîƒ, îŁ‘îƒîœîœŒîƒ        îœč 
   îœČî         îœč îœ‘îœłîąžîœŒîƒ      îœźî«îœ‡ îœˆîœ±î„Ą
‱ î›șîœČ :     îœČî›č  ,   îœ‘îƒîœźîœ‰îœ“îœŒîƒ     -
 îœ‘îœłîœźîœ‡îŠîœ’îœŒîƒ    îŁ™îąŒ îœč î›Ș ,     î›żîœ­îœ“îœ± ,   î›Ș îąŒ îœČî  
   î î›§î„Ą
5.     î›șîœČ   îœČ  
  î›șîœČ îČ    îœČ     îŁ•îœ­îœ’îœ±  î›ŸîœŒîœŁîœ± îœč   î›Šîœ™îœźîœŠîœ’îœŒîƒ
        ,      î›Ș  î›č   îœč
‱  îœČ îœČ  î›șîœČ îœč    îœčîœźîœ•îœ’îœŒîƒ, îœč î›ș  î«îœźîœ™îœŁ îœčîœźîœ•îœ’îœŒîƒ, 
 î›č, î›żîœŒ    î›ș  - îœ•îœ±î„Ą
‱ :  î›șîœČ     îœČ îœ‘îœłîœźîœ‡îŠîœ’îœŒîƒ        
 î›żîœŒ îœîœźîœ‰îœ’îœŒîƒ      îœ“îœžîœ­î„Ą
‱   îœîƒîą¶îœžîœœîœ†î›šîœ‹ î›Šîœ™îœźîœŠîœ’îœŒîƒ    îœČ îŁąîœ‰îœžîœšîœ±   îœźîœ™îœ‰îœžîœšîœ± îźîœîœ­îœ™îœŒîƒ 
îœîƒîą¶îœžîœœîœ†   îœč,   î Ș  îŁ•îœ­îœ’îœ±     îœč
îąș
  î›șîœČ îČ        îœČ      îœˆîœžî„Ą 
    îŁ‘îƒîœîœŒîƒ îœč îŁîœ­îœ“î›žîœ±îœ’  îœČ 

,  î›șîœČ   îœšîœ­îŁ“îœ±îœ’  îœČ 
î›Ș îąŒ   î›Ș î î›§î„Ą  ,      î›Șîœîœ•îœ°îĄ©   îœČî›ș  
 , î›żîœŒ    î›ŸîœŒîœŁîœ‡îœ±  î›żîœŒ        îœč   
îœČ   ,   î›șîœČ îČ          îœ‘îœłîąžîœŒîƒ  
,   î›šîƒî›żîœ±îœźîœ‹îœ’îœŻîœ“îƒî›ș    î€ŠîœźîąŒ    
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î›©îœąîœ±2
:  î›Ș  îœîœłîœ“îœ±    î Ș   î›ș îœč ( )     îœČ  î›ș îœźîœ‘îœ•îœ‡îœ± îœč 
îœČ      ,        îœČ      î›șîœžî„Ą